Rational Decision Making And Its Effect On Crime Causation...

Rational Decision Making and its Effect on Crime Causation Most, if not all Americans, are familiar with the story of Batman and his alter ego Bruce Wayne. As a small child Bruce s parents were brutally gunned down in front of him prompting him to don the cape and mask to rid Gotham city of injustice. In the 2005 movie adaptation starring Christian Bale, Batman is asked why he so selflessly protects the city. He replies, â€Å"It s not who I am underneath, but what I do that defines me.† I believe this illustrates that the decision to do good, and evil, are rational choices made by people who make carefully weighted decisions to accomplish their goals. This is an example of a belief known as Rational Choice Theory. Today I would like to discuss Rational Choice Theory, its origins in history, its methods to predict and eliminate crime and examples of it from modern cases. I would like to show the reader, beyond reasonable doubt, that Rational Choice Theory is the best way to explain the majority of crimes and criminal activity. Rational Choice theory is defined by Criminology:The Core as being, â€Å"The view that crime is a function of a decision making process in which the potential offender weighs the potential costs and benefits of an illegal action†(2015). Rational choice Theory firmly believes that the majority of crimes are calculated acts. This theory also states that to deter crimes, society must make the risks of crime outweigh the gains. This will, in theory, solveShow MoreRelatedTheories of Crime Causation Essay example1589 Words   |  7 PagesMajor Theories of Crime Causation Robert Lincoln CJ 102-02 Kaplan University August 4, 2013 Major Theories of Crime Causation Various units contain a number of theories that try to explain the causes of crime in the society. The theories have been developed to have an in-depth understanding of the crime and how best they can be addressed to ensure that humans live in a conducive environment. These units and theories have been around and in use from as early as the twentieth century. OverRead MoreThe Classical Theory Of Criminal Activity856 Words   |  4 Pagesthe severity of penalties given to an individual whom committed a crime should be proportionate to the crime in which they engaged in, no more than what is necessary, but enough in order to deter the offender from participating in another crime. This approach is applied in such ways because it is believed that criminal activity is a rational choice, chosen because they perceive it to be in their best interest. â€Å"Criminals make a rational choice and choose to do criminal acts due to maximum pleasure andRead MoreThe Philosophical Debate On M oral Responsibility1690 Words   |  7 Pageswill prove this by using the concepts of Free will and determinism. Free will in the sense that for humans to be morally responsible for an action, one has to be free and conscious of his or her decision. In the case of Determinism, the presence of causation and external forces has minimal effect or no effect on moral responsibility. Free will Human beings are morally responsible for their actions because they posess free will. Free will is a choice or a desire to do something of ones accord. AccordingRead MoreGroup Theory : Public Policy1001 Words   |  5 Pagesstatus/reputation, resources, sources, social skills and a positive rapport with decisions makers d) Policy will reflect the interest of the dominant group e) Disadvantage of group theory The poor and disadvantages are not represented Poor construction of the group/lack focus or purpose. 3. Elite Theory a) Reflects the values and preference of the elite b) The ruling elite has presence and influence of the governmental decision-making c) Society is divided between the haves and have nots The elite is theRead MoreEvaluating Causation When Confronted With Unfavorable Outcomes1743 Words   |  7 Pagesregret. As rational human beings, we often make decisions that cause ripple effects that may change our lives in considerable or insignificant ways. When we make regrettable decisions that have negative outcomes, we often dwell on â€Å"what might have been† and wonder about the possible results of having made an alternative choice; we call this process counterfactual thinking (Sanna Chang, 2006). This paper aims to examine how this type of thinking can affect the ways in which we process causation whenRead MoreLiterature Review Retributive Justice: The Case of Justin Wolfe1838 Words   |  7 Pagescounts of misconduct, calling into question the strength of Wolfe’s defense. Commonwealth of Virginia v. Justin Wolfe presents Wolfe as both the offender and the victim, and questions the sanctity of the death penalty and the underlying cause of a crime. Th ere is no single model of justice that can adequately handle the complexities of the Commonwealth v. Wolfe, where there exists no imbalance of power between criminal justice officials, victims and offenders and imprisonment provides offenders withRead MoreEssay on Coming to Terms with Free Will1255 Words   |  6 Pagesthat data must be objective and public, while the latter feel that premises from rational introspection make up a portion of sound logic. Thus almost all scientists ascribe, unwittingly or not, to a faction of philosophy of mind which calls itself behaviorism and posits that the only valid way of examining mental states is in the behavior of other organisms. While this is a hefty claim, it is fairly useful in making sense of ideas about free will, and so I will momentarily put myself into behavioristRead MoreSchools of Criminology5403 Words   |  22 PagesIntroduction Ever since the dawn of human civilization, crime has been a baffling problem. There is hardly any society which is not beset with the problem of crime. Dr. Heinrich Oppenheimer in his book ‘Rationale of Punishment’ says that a crimeless society is a myth. Commenting on this aspect, Emile Durkheim says, â€Å"a society composed of persons with angelic qualities would not be free from violations of the norms of that society†. In fact, crime is a dynamic concept changing with social transformationRead MoreIn the Ghetto2714 Words   |  11 Pagesthat was the same age as Davis and they often played together while their father’s went to work. (Sharpe) It became apparent to Davis, that unlike him, his playmate grew up in a different environment, an environment that would indicate poverty and crime. Thus, the inspiration for his song began. The term â€Å"ghetto,† often used to describe situations during the Holocaust, became a common term in American context, beginning in the late 60’s. (Sharpe) The goal during the Holocaust was to segregate thoseRead MoreNature VS Nurture – Are Criminals Born or Made? Essay2735 Words   |  11 Pages Intro The search for causes of crime forms the basis of most criminological studies. There are numerous explanations for crime: psychological, evolutionary, genetical, sociological, economical and a mix of factors; and many have debated over the primary influence of criminal behaviour—whether criminals are born or made. Truth is, in the constitution of criminal behaviour, it is the amalgam of both nature and nurture. And this paper will present how crime behaviours can be hereditary but are

Critical Thinking Assessment From A Typical College Course

Critical Thinking Assessment IV Name Institution 1. Describe the two ways that students normally study in a typical college course. The college students study by attending lectures and taking on the subject of their interests. The average college lecture will last about one hour fifteen minutes and mostly involves the instructors dictating and explaining the points while the students are taking notes. Secondly, the college students use the group’s discussion to study (Paul Elder, 2013). The groups help the student to learn since they are actively involved in the process. The student understands more of what is taught in groups than when it is presented in the instructional format. 2. Evaluate a mode of study that you do well and†¦show more content†¦The inability of the educational system to provide equitable education leads to the achievement gap between different groups of students. The most important elements of the mixed quality classroom are the need to facilitate knowledge constructions for students that have different abilities. Differentiation of learning is the only way for facilitating effective learning for all the students in a mixed-ability classroom (Paul Elder, 2013). 4. What are the characteristics of the exemplary student? Which do you think are most important? An exemplary student is the one that can solve problems and analyze the available information. Such a student will also have the ability to recognize bias, appreciate the diverse opinion of other students, apply the information, and learn new ideas. I think it is critical for an exemplary student to be fair minded. Being fair minded are the results developing cognitive and socio-emotional stability. A fair-minded student, therefore, needs to have other qualities like intellectual integrity, and humility. 5. Identify and explain the ways that humans learn (reading, writing, speaking, listening). Analyze yourself about your strongest and weakest areas of learning and provide examples that reflect how you plan to improve your learning skills. A human learn through a process processes that include the fact that one has to be exposed to information that is

Jenkins Corporation True of False Test Free Essays

1) An example of a goal statement that is SMART is â€Å"Jenkins Corporation expects to achieve a 5% improvement in the on-time delivery of its computer components. True / False 2) You are involved with a team where members encourage relationship-building roles and team members take responsibility for providing feedback regarding performance. Your team is in the norming stage. We will write a custom essay sample on Jenkins Corporation True of False Test or any similar topic only for you Order Now True / False 3) Open ended questions elicit specific information are useful for point clarification and when time is limited. However, they questions restrict the interviewee’s freedom. True / False 4) When presenting to a group that may display opposition to the topic, it is advisable to tailor your message utilizing a two-sided message. True / False 5) Double-barreled questions assume a condition that the interviewee may not agree with but calls for the interviewee to support that condition. True / False 6) When planning a meeting that applies the rule of three-fourths, information is dispersed to participants at the three-quarter point between meetings. True / False 7) The task of the team in the forming stage is to clarify direction. True / False 8) An Everest goal represents an extraordinary achievement. True / False 9) Abilene paradox and boiled frog syndrome enhance the effectiveness of decision making in team meetings. True / False 10) To reach the fourth stage of the four stages of team development labeled by Tuckman, a team must progress through the first three stages of development. True / False 11) Once the team has developed a comfortable climate, the next stage is the performing stage. True / False 12) â€Å"You are completely naive,† is more effective feedback than â€Å"Your comments are not on the topic.† True / False 13) When conducting an interview, elaboration, clarification, and repetition may be used as probing methods. True / False 14) When planning a meeting that applies the rule of halves, agenda items are in the hands of the agenda  scheduler no later than one-half of the time interval between the last meeting and the upcoming meeting. True / False How to cite Jenkins Corporation True of False Test, Papers

Ordeal by Cheque The life of Jr Essay Example For Students

Ordeal by Cheque: The life of Jr Essay John McElyeaAugust 24, 2003TLCCheckbook Final DraftOrdeal by Cheque: The life of JrTony turned the corner at a dangerous speed, trying to go even faster, but the sirens behind him did not get any softer. This was all the kids fault. That stupid kid. Tony sped up, dodging traffic as he had so many times before, except this time it was different. The kid. Tony thought back, remembering everything he could, all the way to the very beginning. Lawrence Exeter Junior had been born in the heat of the day on September 2, 1903. He was different from the day he was born. His rich parents sensed something was wrong, for parents usually can sense things about their child. Therefore, the day after he was born, Marie and Lawrence Exeter took the newborn to Dr. David McCoy for a check-up. The doctor said that the baby was as healthy as a horse, and there was nothing to worry about. Still, the parents worried, because parents can tell. Jr, as everyone called him, was very quiet as a baby and never had big reactions to things. Everyone said he was just quiet. His parent brought him gifts from California Toyland, but they soon figured out that he was happy with just staring at something or handling a small object. When he reached 6, his father enrolled him in Palisades School for boys. Jr excelled in all of his classes except art and handwriting. Jrs 3rd report card showed that he had improved his handwriting, so Lawrence Sr brought Jr a bicycle. Jr was immediately fascinated with it. Within a week, Jr had mastered training wheels, and exactly sixteen days after he had mastered training wheels, Jr was riding it without the training wheels. Jr rode his bicycle everywhere. He even started waking up earlier in the morning so he and his dad could bike down to Palisades, which was nine miles away. His bicycle became his treasure. All of his artwork in art class now somehow revolved around a bicycle. On July 24, 1915, the real trouble with Jr started that would ruin many lives, including Tony Spagonis. Jr was out riding his bicycle, when a man by the name of Steve Matterson came around a corner too fast, tried to slam on brakes, but ended up hitting both Jr and his bike. Because Steve had put on his brakes, Jr only suffered scrapes and bruises. His bike however, was a mess. Jr cried for hours that day, his parents comforting him and telling him they would buy him a new one the next day. They never did. They never pressed charges out of courtesy, for they knew it was an accident that anyone would have made. That night, before Jrs parents put him to bed, he said to them:Im sorryWhat are you sorry for, honey? his mom asked. Youll know, he said, rolling over and pretending to go to sleep. Later, when Jr was sure his parents were asleep, he got up, and wrote a simple letter that read:im sorry He put the letter in an envelope, sealed it, and somehow correctly addressed it to Steve Matterson. Three days later, right before Mrs. Exeter was about to take her son to the toyshop to buy a new bike, she picked up the paper and a certain article caught her eye. It said: Man MurderedSteve Matterson was found chokedto death in his house. Officials say Later in the story it mentioned that a letter was found in his house that said im sorry. This was enough for Marie. She knew how to put two and two together. What did you do to Steve, she asked Jr. Im sorry, he said casually. Well, you cant get a new bike until I know what happened. He glared at her for a moment, then said, I made him sorry, too.Of course, you can guess that didnt go over well. The Exeter family never discussed it outside the immediate family. There was much discussion between Mr. and Mrs. Exeter, though. They decided to straighten him out. They knew that he was directly linked to Mattersons death, but they didnt have a clue as to what had happened. So, on August 31, Jr, now 12 years old, stepped on to the campus of Columbia Military Academy. He was a good student, made good grades, fit in, and his only behavioral problem was his reluctance to talk to his teachers and drill sergeants. When he graduated, his father brought him a brand new Cadillac. It was a beautiful car. It ran as sooth as any, and it was from the nicest dealer in town. Not four days after Jr had received his new car, he ran a red light and smashed into the side of a Ford, crushing the hood of the Cadillac. You Freak! he yelled at the person. YOULL BE SO SORRY YOU EVER THOUGHT YOU COULD MESS UP MY HOOD!The other person came out of the ford, and gave Jr a dark look. You stupid kid, he said dangerously, You are an idiot for thinking that you will ever do anything to me. You caused the accident. Goodbye. The man got back in his car and without another word drove off, leaving Jr standing in the street, furious. Jrs dad sympathized with Jrs tale of a man who had cut across traffic, so the father got the car fixed. Jr wrote a letter that would bring an end to the dark man in the Ford and filled out the envelope. On the way to the mailbox, he had looked down and saw that he had written a letter to a man named Tony Spagoni. Later that year, after many letters to Tony Spagoni (Jr searched the whole paper every day, but couldnt find Tonys name anywhere.), Jrs father had enrolled Jr into Stanford University. After two semesters, Jr was doing real well with his studies, so his father decided to let him have the French vacation that Jr had always wanted. When Jr went to see his parents over the summer, he was surprised by the round trip ticket to France his father gave him. He told them while he was there that a lifeguard named Miss Daisy Windson had saved his life. He told his parents to send her a check for twenty five thousand dollars. They did, and two weeks later, Tony was in France. While he was enjoying France, he met a woman, Miss Ellie Stinson, who was also from the US and touring France. She was from Nevada, he found out. They spent a month together in France. When they got back to the United States, they moved into an apartment together in California. He continued to go out with her, buying her hu ge arrangements of flowers every now and then. Then, Jrs dad brought a huge house and had it furnished and decorated with the most expensive furniture. Before the house was finished, Jr went to Beverly Diamond Gift Shoppe and got a ring that sparkled so much you could see it across the room. He asked Ellie to marry him, she said yes, and the next day Jr got his dad to buy them two tickets for a Hawaii cruise ship. The got married privately on the ship, no one else in the room except Lawrence Exeter Jr, Ellie Exeter, and the minister. When they got back from the cruise, Jrs father gave Jr two hundred thousand dollars as a wedding gift. The couple took their honeymoon in Turkey. They stayed at the Ambassador Hotel in Istanbul. They were there for two weeks, and had the time of their lives. When they got back, their house was finished, so they moved in. Their marriage stayed strong, and Jr still gave her flowers and sweets. Mr Exeter Sr gave Jr his checkbook, because he thought that it was time for Jr to have it. Everything was going great until Jr received the letter in the mail. The letter had no return address, and all it said was: If you wish to live, go to the Parisian Gown Shoppe. Jr did not share this note with his wife, because he thought it might upset her. The next day, he went to the small, shabby shop. He stepped inside and was greeted by a group of men wearing black suits. One of them with dark features Jr recognized as Tony Spagoni. You should be dead, Jr said, pointing at Tony. Atomic Bomb EssayInstead of this apartment, why dont you come stay at my house? he said. Jr agreed instantly. He had grown fond of Tony, and he especially liked writing notes now. Tony only asked for $100 dollars, and Jr, of course, gave it to him. Jr liked Tonys apartment, and that night Jr asked Tony why Tony hadnt died. Tony told him that other people had opened the note, and the note wasnt meant for them, so they hadnt died. Tony had always kept the first note, folded, so he couldnt read it. That was how they discovered he had the ability. The next morning, Tony wanted $100, so Tony got $100. Then, Tony left. While he was gone, Jr got the mail, and saw it was time to write another letter. Jr opened a desk drawer in search of a pen, and found a note from Tony to The Bootery. From the letter, Jr realized that The Bootery was just a family in the mob. This family always had money when they needed it, and whenever there was a threat to the family, all the people involved either die d or got seriously injured. A detective named Peter Ventizzi had just been assigned to bring down The Bootery, and Tony was asking the godfather of The Bootery if he could use Jr to kill Ventizzi. Jr wrote a note to Ventizzi, that had a check for $25, told Peter where he was, gave him Tonys name, and told him not to open any letters. Jr filled out the address (somehow knowing where Ventizzi lived), and mailed it. Then he went back into the house, dialed 911, said that he was at a murderers house, and then sat back. Tony arrived before the police. He saw the note in Jrs hand, immediately understood, pulled out his gun, and fired, then turned and ran to his car as the faint sound of sirens filled the air. Luckily, an ambulance had also been dispatched. Jr spent the next ten days in the hospital, then he had died of internal bleeding. Dr. McCoy, the same guy that delivered him, had treated him. Tony, as he turned another corner at break-neck speed, could remember the last two weeks that he had spent hiding, but he had been found by Ventizzi in the end. He knew that if they captured him, they would be able to get names out of him. He opened his glove compartment, pulled out a note, unfolded it, and read the two words written on it.